Abstract：Mercury (Hg) is the only metal contaminant that can transport globally as a gas, thus its environmental behavior and impact have received wide attentions. The stable isotopes of Hg provide a novel tracer for the sources and transformations of Hg, as well as the related environmental processes. The mercury isotope system is unique as it exhibits multiple types of mass independent fractionation (MIF) in nature. But the current research on the Hg isotope system mostly focus on its application, whereas many unknowns still exist for the mechanism of Hg isotope fractionation. In this paper, we systematically review the recent progress of theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanism of Hg isotope fractionation and its application in tracing environmental processes. While it is well established that the photochemical redox reactions of inorganic Hg and photodegradation of methylmercury are the main processes that give rise to Hg MIF in the environment, the factors that determine the extent and direction of MIF are not completely understood. Moreover, a quantitative theoretical framework for Hg MIF is still lacking, and the research on Hg isotope fractionation mechanism under realistic environmental settings is still scarce. We recommend that the future research should emphasize a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches to better understand the Hg isotope fractionation mechanism in atmospheric, terrestrial, oceanic, polar and paleo-environments, and thus expand the application of Hg isotopes.
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